Khi ly hôn, các cặp vợ chồng không thể tránh khỏi tranh chấp về quyền nuôi con bởi cả cha và mẹ đều muốn là người trực tiếp nuôi dưỡng con cái mình. Vậy giải quyết vấn đề tranh chấp quyền nuôi con khi ly hôn như thế nào? Điều 81 Luật HNGĐ quy định về việc trông nom, chăm sóc, nuôi dưỡng, giáo dục con sau khi ly hôn.
Theo đó, vợ, chồng thỏa thuận về người trực tiếp nuôi con, nghĩa vụ, quyền của mỗi bên sau khi ly hôn đối với con; trường hợp không thỏa thuận được thì Tòa án quyết định giao con cho một bên trực tiếp nuôi căn cứ vào quyền lợi về mọi mặt của con.
Theo đó, nếu muốn giành quyền nuôi con phải chứng minh các điều kiện về tài chính; đạo đức, nhân phẩm; thời gian chăm sóc, giáo dục con cái. Ngoài ra còn xem xét đến các yếu tố vật chất như nơi ăn, ở, đi lại học tập của con và yếu tố tinh thần như điều kiện vui chơi, giải trí giúp con phát triển lành mạnh, trong sáng.
Nếu con từ đủ 07 tuổi trở lên thì phải xem xét nguyện vọng của con. Con dưới 36 tháng tuổi được giao cho mẹ trực tiếp nuôi, trừ trường hợp người mẹ không đủ điều kiện để trực tiếp trông nom, chăm sóc, nuôi dưỡng, giáo dục con hoặc cha mẹ có thỏa thuận khác phù hợp với lợi ích của con.
Sau khi ly hôn, cha mẹ vẫn có quyền, nghĩa vụ trông nom, chăm sóc, nuôi dưỡng, giáo dục con chưa thành niên, con đã thành niên mất năng lực hành vi dân sự hoặc không có khả năng lao động và không có tài sản để tự nuôi mình theo quy định của Luật HNGĐ, Bộ luật dân sự và các luật khác có liên quan.
Tuy nhiên, người trực tiếp nuôi con sau khi ly hôn có thể bị thay đổi theo quyết định của Toà án nếu có yêu cầu của cha, mẹ hoặc người thân thích, tổ chức khi có một trong các căn cứ sau đây:
- Cha, mẹ có thỏa thuận về việc thay đổi người trực tiếp nuôi con phù hợp với lợi ích của con;
- Người trực tiếp nuôi con không còn đủ điều kiện trực tiếp trông nom, chăm sóc, nuôi dưỡng, giáo dục con.
- Việc thay đổi người trực tiếp nuôi con phải xem xét nguyện vọng của con từ đủ 07 tuổi trở lên.
Trong trường hợp xét thấy cả cha và mẹ đều không đủ điều kiện trực tiếp nuôi con thì Tòa án quyết định giao con cho người giám hộ theo quy định của Bộ luật dân sự.
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